Geomática Básica

class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide

# Geomática Básica
## Sesión 0
### Ivan Lizarazo
### 09.03.2022

---
background-image: url(images/earth-sciences.jpg)
background-size: 800px
background-position: 50% 90%

## Course Objectives

To gain a basic, practical understanding of geoinformation concepts, methods, and techniques useful in agricultural applications.

Class discussions, reading & practical assignments, and class lectures prepare students to develop geoinformatics activities to understand  agricultural development challenges.

---

class: inverse, middle, center
background-image: url(https://theodi.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/HOMEPAGE-BG-ANM-3.svg)
background-size: contain

# Let's get started

---

# Agenda
========================================================

- Course overview

- Which agricultural challenges?

- What's geomatics?

- How geomatics can help?

- Agro-geoinformatics

- Which software tools?

- What's next?

---
class: inverse, middle, center

# Course Overview

---
# How this class will work
========================================================
- No programming knowledge presumed

- Some geospatial thinking is preferred

- Class attendance is mandatory
  - Classes are scheduled from 7 March  to  1 July
    - *Face-to-face sessions*

- Class will be _very_ cumulative

---

# Mechanics
========================================================
- A  weekly lecture:
  - First session: concepts, methods, examples
  - Second session:  practical labs

- Two written exams (50%)

- Three technical reports   (50%)
    - To pass the class,  the minimum score is 3.0/5.0

---

# Mechanics
========================================================
- **Two* written exams  (50%)
     - First Exam __on **27 April**  at 9:00 am__
     - Second Exam __on **29 Junio**  at 9:00 am__

- Technical reports (50%)
  - Applying geomatics to  agriculture & agronomy
     - First report __due on **20 April** at 11:59  pm__
     - Second report __due on **18 May** at 11:59  pm__
     - Third report __due on **22 June** at 11:59  am__
  - Late project (up to 24 hours later) __will receive half percent of its mark__

- Field-work practice
  - Data collection at a potato crop lot (**6 May**)

---
class: inverse, middle, center

# Which agricultural challenges?

---
background-image: url(images/challenge1.png)
background-size: 500px
background-position: 50% 90%

### 1. Increasing demand for agricultural production

### 2. Climate change: patterns of temperature and precipitation

### 3. Resource constraint
- Land degradation
- Water constraint

### Sustainability challenge: To meet the demands of higher production, higher quality and responsability in the use of resources

---

background-image: url(images/challenge2.png)
background-size: 600px
background-position: 50% 80%

## Climate change
Source: Creative Agri Solutions Pvt. Ltd (2019)

---

background-image: url(images/challenge3.png)
background-size: 600px
background-position: 50% 80%

## Land degradation
Source: Creative Agri Solutions Pvt. Ltd (2019)

---
class: inverse, middle, center

# What's geomatics?

---

background-image: url(images/earth-sciences.jpg)
background-size: 800px
background-position: 50% 90%

# A fancy word for geospatial technologies?

The science and technology of gathering, storing, processing, modeling, analyzing, and delivering spatially referenced information [(Natural Resources Canada)](https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/earth-sciences/geomatics/10776).

Geomatics integrates several disciplines to create an understandable picture of the physical world and our place in it:
1.  geodesy & surveying
1.  photogrammetry & topographic mapping
1.  remote sensing (satellite & aerial platforms) & thematic mapping
1.  geographic information systems (GIS) & spatial data bases
1.  global navegation satellite systems (GNSS)
1.  spatial statistics & geostatistics
---
class: inverse, middle, center
# How geomatics can help?

---
background-image: url(images/myfood.jpg)
background-size: 600px
background-position: 50% 90%

### Approaches to agriculture using geomatics:
- Climate smart agriculture
- Precision agriculture
- Conservation agriculture
- Agro-Geoinformatics

### The common objective is to collect geospatial data and produce relevant information to guide agricultural production
- optimize use of inputs
- improve productivity
- minimize agricultural risks
- produce nutritious food

---
background-image: url(images/sdgs-graphics.png)
background-size: 600px
background-position: 50% 90%

### “If we enable rural farmers to innovate and use climate-smart practices, it’s not only hunger and poverty that will decline. Economic growth increases. Jobs are created. And climate change’s grip on our food supply will loosen.”

Source: [Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) - CGIAR](https://ccafs.cgiar.org/)
---

background-image: url(images/GIS-FOR-AGRICULTURE.jpg)
background-size: 300px
background-position: 50% 80%

# Benefits of GIS  in Agriculture

[Akshay Upadhyay](https://www.igismap.com/gis-for-agriculture/) states that GIS is beneficial to every one in every segment. Hence, it is beneficial for agriculture also. It provides agriculture with below mentioned benefits:

- Climate conditions
- Know Land type
- Water Supply
- Drought

---

class: inverse, middle, center

# Which  software tools?

---
background-image: url(https://www.r-project.org/logo/Rlogo.svg)
background-size: 250px
background-position: 40% 70%

# Geospatial software tools
- R & RStudio 
- QGIS,  SAGA GIS, ArcGIS

---
background-image: url(images/world_inequality.gif)
background-size: 800px
background-position: 40% 90%

### Geography of World Development with R

- [World Inequality Map](http://freerangestats.info/img/0048-ehii.gif)
- [Using Maps and Data to look at the Geography of World Development by Richard Harris](https://rpubs.com/profrichharris/teaching-world-development)

---
# Geocoding with R

- Let's illustrate a geocoding function using OpenStreetMap Nominatim API
- We want to know location of several places in Colombia
  - We pass a list of names to get geographic coordinates

```r
source("https://github.com/ials/geomatica/blob/master/code/geocode.R")
```

```
##                         address       lon       lat   elapsed_time
## 1      Plaza de Bolivar, Bogota -74.07604  4.598083 1.0121248 secs
## 2 Parque Santander, Bucaramanga -73.12280  7.119564 0.9994240 secs
## 3      Cabo de la Vela, Guajira -72.14586 12.197837 0.9849188 secs
## 4                 Quibdo, Choco -76.65405  5.684571 1.0170479 secs
## 5             Leticia, Amazonas -70.08852 -3.580823 1.0417318 secs
## 6    Catedral de Sal, Zipaquira -74.01033  5.018709 1.0010149 secs
```
---
background-image: url(images/my_faculty.png)
background-size: 800px
background-position: 50% 90%

# Interactive mapping with R
```r
m <- leaflet() %>%
  addTiles() %>%  # Add default OpenStreetMap map tiles
  addMarkers(lng=-74.087, lat=4.636, popup="Esta es mi facultad")
m  # Print the map
```

<div id="htmlwidget-9917f35f3be39eab167e" style="width:100%;height:432px;" class="leaflet html-widget"></div>
<script type="application/json" data-for="htmlwidget-9917f35f3be39eab167e">{"x":{"options":{"crs":{"crsClass":"L.CRS.EPSG3857","code":null,"proj4def":null,"projectedBounds":null,"options":{}}},"calls":[{"method":"addTiles","args":["//{s}.tile.openstreetmap.org/{z}/{x}/{y}.png",null,null,{"minZoom":0,"maxZoom":18,"tileSize":256,"subdomains":"abc","errorTileUrl":"","tms":false,"noWrap":false,"zoomOffset":0,"zoomReverse":false,"opacity":1,"zIndex":1,"detectRetina":false,"attribution":"© <a href=\"http://openstreetmap.org\">OpenStreetMap<\/a> contributors, <a href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/\">CC-BY-SA<\/a>"}]},{"method":"addMarkers","args":[-74.087,4.636,null,null,null,{"interactive":true,"draggable":false,"keyboard":true,"title":"","alt":"","zIndexOffset":0,"opacity":1,"riseOnHover":false,"riseOffset":250},"Esta es mi facultad",null,null,null,null,{"interactive":false,"permanent":false,"direction":"auto","opacity":1,"offset":[0,0],"textsize":"10px","textOnly":false,"className":"","sticky":true},null]}],"limits":{"lat":[4.636,4.636],"lng":[-74.087,-74.087]}},"evals":[],"jsHooks":[]}</script>
---
background-image: url(images/R_learning_curve.png)
background-size: 700px
background-position: 40% 70%

##  R scripting - after [Cory Merow](https://cmerow.github.io)
---
class: inverse, middle, center
# What's next?

---
background-image: url(images/peru_amazon.jpg)
background-size: 200px
background-position: 90% 0%

# Upcoming Lectures
========================================================
1. Spatial data structures and formats
1. Coordinate systems and map projections
1. Spatial and geometric operations
1. Thematic mapping
1. Digital elevation models
1. Global navigation  satellite systems       
1. Remote Sensing 
1. Interpolation of point data

---
background-image: url(https://rstudio.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/RStudio-Logo.svg)
background-size: 400px
background-position: 50% 80%

# Technical reports
========================================================

Write technical reports to understand  agricultural challenges. 
Use [RStudio](https://rstudio.com/) either installed on your computer or [hosted on the cloud](https://rstudio.cloud/) to create your *R Notebooks*.
Publish your notebooks on [RPubs](https://rpubs.com/).  Alternatively, you may use *QGIS* for processing / mapping your spatial data.

A technical report should be clear, concise, and complete, with assumptions plainly identified and data presented (including their uncertainty) with precise logic, with relevance to practices described, and with actual accomplishments of the work clearly stated and honestly appraised.

---
background-image: url(https://theodi.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/HOMEPAGE-BG-ANM-3.svg)
background-size: contain
class: center, middle

# Thanks!